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Definition
Roman Army
The Roman army, famed for its discipline, organisation, and innovation in both weapons and tactics, allowed Rome to build and defend a huge empire which for centuries would dominate the Mediterranean world and beyond. Overview The Roman...

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Working the Land by Gauguin
An 1873 oil on canvas, Working the Land (aka Landscape), by Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) the French post-impressionist painter. Painted before Gauguin decided to become a full-time artist and his first major canvas. It shows the influence of...

Definition
New Model Army
The New Model Army was created in February 1645 by the Parliamentarians during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651) that turned England from a monarchy to a republic. It was a professional army in terms of its personnel, training, and leadership...

Definition
Ptolemaic Army
The army of Ptolemaic Egypt was a well-organized fighting force trained in Hellenistic warfare. The Ptolemaic dynasty used their considerable wealth to maintain a large standing army of professional soldiers. Some troops were paid in money...

Definition
Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army refers to the thousands of life-size clay models of soldiers, horses, and chariots which were deposited around the grand mausoleum of Shi Huangdi, first emperor of China and founder of the Qin dynasty, located near Lishan...

Definition
Carthaginian Army
The armies of Carthage permitted the city to forge the most powerful empire in the western Mediterranean from the 6th to 3rd centuries BCE. Although by tradition a seafaring nation with a powerful navy, Carthage, by necessity, had to employ...

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Officers of the Roman Army
With the appearance of the legionary, the Roman army was able to maintain a vast empire that totally embraced the Mediterranean Sea. Although the success of the army rested on the backs of the foot-soldiers and cavalry, there were others...

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Child Working in a Factory
An early-20th-century photograph by Frank Meadow Sutcliffe of a child working in a factory alongside adults. Child labour was used extensively during the Industrial Revolution and after. (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam)

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Rachmaninoff Working in his Garden
A c. 1910 photograph of the Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873-1943) working on his third piano concerto in his garden at Ivanovka near St. Petersburg.

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Women Working in an Armaments Factory, WWII
A photograph of women working in an armaments factory in Yorkshire, England during the Second World War (1939-45). The women are here finishing 2,000lb bombs for aircraft.
Imperial War Museums