The emperors of ancient China had tremendous power and responsibility. Called the 'Son of Heaven', he (and once she) was given a divine right to rule over all people but was expected to promote their best interest and not his own. An absolute monarch, although in practice dependent on an inner circle of advisors, the mystique of the emperor was enhanced by his invisibility to ordinary people, secluded as he often was in the imperial palace. To gain a personal audience with the emperor, even if he still remained hidden behind a screen while he sat on his golden dragon throne, was the highest of honours. Perhaps no other ancient ruler was ever as remote or as revered as the Emperor of China.
More about: Chinese EmperorDefinition
Timeline
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c. 1050 BCEKing Wen of Zhou is the first Chinese ruler to claim a Mandate of Heaven.
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221 BCEKing Ying Zheng assumes the title Shi Huangdi, First Emperor of China. Founds Qin Dynasty.
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210 BCEFirst Emperor of China Shi Huangdi dies, buried with army of 8,000 terracotta warriors in palace tomb.
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202 BCELiu Bang is proclaimed emperor of China after defeating the rival general Xiang Yu.
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Mar 202 BCEEmperor Gaozu (Liu Bang) becomes the first Han ruler.
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141 BCE - 87 BCEReign of Emperor Wu (Wu the Great), the most effective and influential of the Han monarchs.
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9 CEWang Mang takes control of the empire by usurping the throne and proclaiming his innovative dynasty called Xin ("new").
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168 CE - 189 CELing is emperor in China.
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190 CEDong Zhou seized control of the Chinese imperial capital and placed a child, Liu Xie, as the new ruler.
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581 CE - 601 CEReign of Wen (aka Wendi), first Sui emperor in China.
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598 CE - 649 CELife of Li-Shimin, Emperor Taizong of China.
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604 CE - 618 CEReign of Yang (aka Yangdi), second and last Sui emperor in China.
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618 CE - 626 CEReign of Gaozu, 1st Emperor of Tang Dynasty in China.
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626 CE - 649 CEReign of Emperor Taizong in China.
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649 CE - 683 CEReign of Emperor Gaozong in China.
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683 CE - 704 CEReign of Empress Wu Zetian, only female monarch of China.
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712 CE - 756 CEReign of Xuanzong, 7th emperor of the Tang Dynasty in China.
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756 CEChinese emperor Xuanzong abdicates in favor of his son Suzong.
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762 CEDeath of Chinese emperor Xuanzong.
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840 CE - 846 CEReign of Chinese emperor Wuzong of the Tang dynasty.
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960 CE - 976 CEReign of Emperor Taizu, founder of the Song dynasty in China.
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976 CE - 997 CEReign of Emperor Taizong of the Song dynasty in China.
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997 CE - 1022 CEReign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1022 CE - 1063 CEReign of Emperor Renzong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1063 CE - 1067 CEReign of Emperor Yingzong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1067 CE - 1085 CEReign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1085 CE - 1100 CEReign of Emperor Zhizong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1100 CE - 1126 CEReign of Emperor Huizong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1127 CE - 1162 CEReign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1162 CE - 1189 CEReign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1189 CE - 1194 CEReign of Emperor Guangzong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1194 CE - 1224 CEReign of Emperor Ningzong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1224 CE - 1264 CEReign of Emperor Lizong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1264 CE - 1274 CEReign of Emperor Duzong of the Song dynasty in China.
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1274 CE - 1275 CEReign of Emperor Gongzong of the Song dynasty in southern China.
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1275 CE - 1277 CEReign of Emperor Duanzong of the Song dynasty in southern China.
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1278 CE - 1279 CEReign of Emperor Dibing of the Song dynasty in southern China.
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1368 CE - 1398 CEReign of the Hongwu Emperor, founder of the Ming Dynasty in China.
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1368 CE - 1644 CEReign of the Ming Dynasty in China.
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1398 CE - 1402 CEReign of the Jianwen Emperor of the Chinese Ming Dynasty.
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1403 CE - 1424 CEReign of the Yongle Emperor (aka Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty.