The Essenes were a Jewish sect that emerged in the 2nd century BCE and established the community at Qumran. They emphasized ritual purity, copied books of the Jewish Scriptures, and wrote commentaries on the Books of the Prophets. They believed that history was predestined, and their apocalyptic theology resulted in a worldview polarized between good and evil.
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c. 167 BCEMaccabean Revolt frees Palestine from foreign rule and allows for rise of Hasmonean Dynasty.
