The Hyksos were a Semitic people who gained a foothold in Egypt c. 1782 BCE at the city of Avaris in Lower Egypt, thus initiating the era known in Egyptian history as the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782 - c. 1570 BCE). Their name, Heqau-khasut, translates as 'Rulers of Foreign Lands' (given by the Greeks as Hyksos), suggesting to some scholars that they were kings or nobility driven from their homes by invasion who found refuge in the port city of Avaris and managed to establish a strong power base during the decline of the 13th Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE). Most likely, they were traders who were at first welcomed at Avaris, prospered, and sent word to their friends and neighbors to come join them, resulting in a large population which was able to finally exert political and then military power.
More about: Hyksos9 days left
Invest in History Education
By supporting our charity World History Foundation, you're investing in the future of history education. Your donation helps us empower the next generation with the knowledge and skills they need to understand the world around them. Help us start the new year ready to publish more reliable historical information, free for everyone.
$3344 / $10000
Definition
Timeline
-
1783 BCEAvaris is built and set as capital of Hyksos.
-
c. 1782 BCE - c. 1570 BCEThe Hyksos reign in Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.
-
1725 BCEInvasion of the Hyksos.
-
c. 1580 BCEConflict between the Hyksos at Avaris and Egyptians of Thebes breaks out; Theban king Ta'O killed in battle.
-
c. 1570 BCEHyksos are driven from Egypt by Ahmose I who initiates the period of the New Kingdom.
-
c. 1570 BCEAhmose I defeats and expels the Hyksos from Egypt and destroy their capital Avaris.
