The Reconquista (Reconquest) or Iberian Crusades were military campaigns largely conducted between the 11th and 13th century CE to liberate southern Portuguese and Spanish territories, then known as al-Andalus, from the Muslim Moors who had conquered and held them since the 8th century CE. With the backing of popes and attracting Christian knights from across Europe, including the main military orders, the successful campaigns ended by the final stages of the 13th century CE when only heavily fortified Granada remained in Muslim hands.
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Definition
Timeline
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c. 1043 - 1099Life of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid.
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1085King Alfonso VI of León and Castile captures Toledo from the Moors.
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Jun 1147 - Oct 1147The siege of Lisbon during the Second Crusade.
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17 Oct 1147Almeria in northern Spain is captured from the Moors during the Second Crusade.
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21 Oct 1147The capture of Lisbon by the Second Crusaders.
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30 Dec 1148Tortosa in eastern Spain is captured from the Moors during the Second Crusade.
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1158Foundation of the Order of Calatrava in Spain.
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1170Foundation of the Order of Santiago in Spain.
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1173Foundation of the Order of Montjoy in Aragon, Spain.
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1176Foundation of the Order of Alcantara in Spain.
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c. 1178Foundation of the Order of Evora in Portugal.
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1195The Moors win a victory over the Christian kingdoms of Spain at the Battle of Alarcos.
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1212A coalition army of three Spanish kingdoms defeats the Moors at Las Navas de Tolosa.
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1236Cordoba is captured from the Moors during the Reconquista.
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1238Valencia is captured from the Moors during the Reconquista.
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1248Seville is captured from the Moors during the Reconquista.
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1492Granada, the final Muslim territory in Spain, is captured.
