Robert I of Scotland, better known as Robert the Bruce, reigned as King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329 CE. For his role in achieving independence from England, Robert the Bruce has long been regarded as a national hero and one of Scotland's greatest ever monarchs.
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Definition
Timeline
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11 Jul 1274Rober the Bruce (Robert I of Scotland) is born at Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire.
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1292Robert the Bruce becomes the earl of Carrick.
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17 Nov 1292Edward I of England selects John Balliol as the new king of Scotland.
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1295Robert the Bruce marries Isabel of Mar.
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Feb 1295Scotland formally allies itself with France against England, the beginning of the 'Auld Alliance'.
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1296 - 1299John Balliol, King of Scotland, is imprisoned in the Tower of London by Edward I of England.
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1296Robert the Bruce fights with the English army which attacks Scotland.
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27 Apr 1296John Balliol, king of Scotland, surrenders to an English army after defeat at the Battle of Dunbar. Edward I of England removes the Stone of Scone to Westminster Abbey.
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11 Sep 1297A Scottish army led by William Wallace defeats an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
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1298An English army attacks Scotland.
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1298Robert the Bruce assists in the attack on English-held Ayr Castle.
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22 Jul 1298Edward I of England is victorious at the Battle of Falkirk where 20,000 Scots are killed. Stirling Castle is regained.
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1300An English army again attacks Scotland.
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1301Yet another English army attacks Scotland.
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1302Robert the Bruce marries Elizabeth de Burgh.
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1304Another English army attacks Scotland and regains control of Stirling Castle.
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23 Aug 1305The Scottish national leader William Wallace is charged with treason and executed in London.
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1306 - 1329Reign of Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland.
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Feb 1306Robert the Bruce declares himself king of Scotland.
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25 Mar 1306Robert the Bruce is crowned king of Scotland at Scone Abbey. He is the first king not to have the Stone of Scone present at his inauguration.
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19 Jun 1306An army of Robert the Bruce is defeated by an English army at Methven.
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Jul 1306Robert the Bruce flees Scotland.
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11 Jul 1306A Scottish army led by John Macdougall of Argyll defeats an army led by Robert the Bruce at Dalry.
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1308Robert the Bruce smashes Comyn resistance to his reign.
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1309Robert the Bruce smashes Macdougall resistance to his reign.
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Mar 1309A parliament at St. Andrews declares that the people of Scotland support Robert the Bruce as their king.
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1314Robert the Bruce demolishes Edinburgh Castle.
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1314 - 1316Robert the Bruce invades Ulster, eventually setting up his brother Edward as the king of Ireland.
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23 Jun 1314 - 24 Jun 1314Robert the Bruce defeats Edward II of England at the Battle of Bannockburn, effectively re-establishing Scottish independence. Stirling Castle is regained.
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1318Robert the Bruce takes control of Berwick Castle.
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1319Robert the Bruce makes raids on northern England and almost captures York.
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6 Apr 1320The Declaration of Arbroath, which declares Scotland's independence from England.
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1323A 13-year truce is agreed between England and Scotland.
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5 Mar 1324David Bruce, future David II of Scotland, is born in Dunfermline.
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1326The Treaty of Corbeil formally establishes an alliance of mutual assistance between Scotland and France.
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1328The English Crown recognises the independence of Scotland in the Treaty of Edinburgh/Northampton.
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1329The Pope permits Scottish monarchs to officially receive a crown and holy anointment during their coronations.
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7 Jun 1329Robert the Bruce dies at his manor house at Cardross in Dumbartonshire.
