The Scythians were a nomadic people whose culture flourished between the 7th and 3rd century BCE in a territory ranging from Thrace in the west, across the steppe of Central Asia, to the Altai Mountains of Mongolia in the east. This covers an area around 4000 kilometers (2500 mi) in length. The geography of the open plains steppe, desert steppe, and forest-steppe expanses over which they ranged was conducive to a pastoral rather than a settled way of life involving agricultural production. As a result, these Steppe nomads had few urban centers, and had a nomadic lifestyle; riding horses, tending herds, and living in covered wagons.
More about: ScythiansDefinition
Timeline
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c. 1000 BCEScythians migrate from Persia into the Asian steppes.
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700 BCE - 300 BCEScythians dominate the western Asian steppes.
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c. 676 BCEScythians and Mannaens attack Assyria.
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612 BCENineveh is sacked and burned by combined forces of Babylonians and Medes.
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c. 600 BCE - c. 300 BCEThe Scythians prosper north of the Black Sea.
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520 BCEDarius I of Persia fights the Scythians (not very successfully).
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c. 513 BCE - c. 512 BCEDarius I of Persia campaigns against Scythians into European Scythia, past the Danube River, Scythians refuse to fight and Darius is forced to abandon the campaign due to lack of provisions.
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500 BCE - 300 BCERich Scythian burials.
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350 BCEThe Scythians have absorbed a lot of Greek culture; Scythian artefacts show Greek-style depictions.
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342 BCEPhilip II leads a military expedition against the Scythians.
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339 BCEPhilip II of Macedon fights the Scythians.
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329 BCEAlexander the Great wins a decisive battle at the Iaxartes river against the Scythians.
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300 BCESarmatians conquer the Scythians.
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c. 200 BCE - c. 100 BCEScythians tribes migrate into Bactria, Sogdiana and Arachosia.
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177 BCEThe Yuezhi Confederation conquers the Sakas of Issyk Lake.
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c. 145 BCEEucratidia is taken by the Sakas.
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c. 139 BCEEucratidia is looted to the ground by the Yuezhei.
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c. 80 BCE - c. 75 CEThe combined Scytho-Parthians rule Gandhara.
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c. 100 CEBy the end of first century CE, Scythians (Sakas) manage to establish their sway in central and south-eastern India.
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350 CEBeginning of Sarmatian expansion into Scythians territory.