Crucifixion as a punishment was practiced by several ancient cultures, but most notably adopted by the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire. Crucifixion was a method of hanging or suspending someone on the combination of vertical and horizontal poles until they died. In Christian theology and ritual, the trial and crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth is iconic for both his physical suffering as well as the way in which his crucifixion and subsequent resurrection from the dead transformed the lives of believers.
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Timeline
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701 BCEKing Sennacherib of Assyria sacks the city of Lachish in Judah but fails to take the capital Jerusalem.
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71 BCEMarcus Licinius Crassus crushes the Spartacus slave revolt in southern Italy.
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26 CE - 36 CEJesus of Nazareth is crucified during the reign of Pontius Pilate in Judea.