Iberia Timeline

• 600 BCE
  Celts settle Iberia.
• 500 BCE
  Carthage expands into southern Spain.
• c. 260 BCE
  Timaeos is the first to use the term 'Celtiberian' when refering to Celts living in Iberia.
• 237 BCE
  Hamilcar Barca arrives in southern Spain to expand Carthage's interests there. He makes his base at Gades and founds Acra Leuce.
• 210 BCE - 207 BCE
  Scipio Africanus conquers Spain for Rome.
• c. 22 Jun 207 BCE
  Rome defeats a Carthaginian army at the battle of Metaurus.
• 206 BCE - 205 BCE
  The Romans conquer Gades. End of the Carthaginian presence on the Iberian Peninsula.
• 195 BCE
  Marcus Porcius Cato serves as consul and lands an army at Empuries in northeastern Spain to quash the Iberian revolt.
• 191 BCE - 134 BCE
  Various resistance movements against Rome in Iberia. Viriato leads the Lusitanians against Rome from 154 to 139 BC.
• 133 BCE
  Rome captures Numantia. End of Iberian resistance.
• 27 BCE - 19 BCE
  Cantabrian Wars: Roman conquest of the Iberian Penninsula.
• 14 BCE - 96 CE
  Rome launches an extensive cultural patronage and construction programme in Iberia.
• 429 CE
  Vandals cross Spain to the Maghreb.
• 462 CE
  Visigoths expand into Spain.
• 507 CE
  Clovis defeats the Visigoths and drives them into the Iberian peninsula.
• 554 CE
  Byzantine Empire conquers southern Iberia.
• 571 CE
  Visigoths conquer Cordoba.
• 783 CE
  The city of Zaragoza falls to forces from the Emirate of Cordoba.
• 784 CE
  Abd al-Rahman I begins construction on the Great Mosque of Cordoba.
• 788 CE
  Death of Abd al-Rahman I of the Emirate of Cordoba.
• 18 Dec 890 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III is born in Cordoba.
• 912 CE
  Death of 'Abd Allah, Emir of Cordoba.
• 912 CE - 961 CE
  Reign of Abd al-Rahman III.
• 912 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III becomes the Emir of Cordoba.
• 915 CE
  The autonomous Muslim leader Umar ibn Hafsun surrenders to the Umayyad forces of Abd al-Rahman III.
• 916 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III leads a campaign against the Kingdom of León.
• 924 CE
  Umayyad forces sack the Navarrese capital of Pamplona.
• 928 CE
  The rebel city of Bobastro falls to Abd al-Rahman III.
• 929 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III retakes the Lower March, including the city of Merida.
• 929 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III declares himself caliph, transforming the Emirate of Cordoba into the Caliphate of Cordoba.
• 932 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III retakes the city of Toledo from its regional warlord.
• 934 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III leads a northern campaign against Zaragoza, Navarre, and León and receives the submission of Navarre.
• 936 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III establishes the new Umayyad palace of Madinat al-Zahra outside of Cordoba.
• 937 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III retakes the city of Zaragoza from its autonomous ruler, Muhammad ibn Hashim al-Tujibi.
• 939 CE
  Leónese forces defeat the Umayyads at the Battle of Simancas (also known as the Battle of Alhandega).
• 940 CE
  Peace treaty between the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Kingdom of León.
• 950 CE
  Barcelona becomes a vassal of Abd al-Rahman III of Cordoba.
• 957 CE
  Umayyad forces raid Navarre and León.
• 958 CE
  The kings of Navarre and León become vassals of Abd al-Rahman III.
• 961 CE
  Abd al-Rahman III dies.
• 1031 CE
  Fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba.