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Medieval Trebuchet
A reconstruction of a medieval catapult or trebuchet of the 12th-14th century CE. Chateau of Les Baux-de-Provence, France. The trebuchet used a counterweight of stones to spring a single arm and propel a stone or incendiary over a distance...

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Medieval Trebuchet
A modern reconstruction of a medieval trebuchet catapult. Château des Baux, France.

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Medieval Trebuchet
A 13th century CE illustration showing a medieval trebuchet catapult being used during a French siege. From the Maciejowski Bible, c. 1240 CE. (Pierpont Morgan Library)

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Artillery in Medieval Europe
Artillery weapons in medieval Europe included the mounted crossbow (ballista) and single-arm torsion catapult (mangonel), both similar to ancient Roman machines. As armies battled further afield such as in the Byzantine Empire and against...

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An Illustrated Glossary of Castle Architecture
Alure (Wall Walk) The walkway along the higher and interior part of a wall which often gives access to the higher floors of towers within the wall. Typically protected by battlements. Apse A semicircular projecting part of a building...