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Boran & Azarmiduxt: Queens of the Sassanian Empire
Article by Keenan Baca-Winters

Boran & Azarmiduxt: Queens of the Sassanian Empire

Boran (r. 630, 631-632) and Azarmiduxt (r. 630-631) were the only queens of the Sassanian Empire who ruled with the power of absolute monarchs. Daughters of Shahanshah (king of kings) Khosrow II (r. 590-628), Boran and Azarmiduxt, tried to...
Raven Tales of the Athabaskan (Dene)-Speaking Peoples
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Raven Tales of the Athabaskan (Dene)-Speaking Peoples

The Raven tales are stories featuring the trickster figure Raven that come from the Athabaskan (Dene)-speaking peoples of the Pacific Northwest and other First Nations of the region of modern-day Canada. Raven, like the trickster figures...
Coyote Tales of the Comanche
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Coyote Tales of the Comanche

Coyote tales of the Comanche feature the same trickster figure as the Coyote tales of the Shasta nation, the Coyote tales of the Apache, and those of many other Native peoples of North America. Coyote, the most famous trickster figure of...
Paiyatuma & the Maidens of the Corn
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Paiyatuma & the Maidens of the Corn

Paiyatuma and the Maidens of the Corn is a legend of the Zuni nation of the Pueblo peoples of the Southwest of the modern-day USA. Paiyatuma (also given as Paiyatamu) is a kachina spirit – an elemental entity – known to the Zuni as "The God...
Why Kokopelli is Not Kokopelli: Paiyatamu & The Four Flutes
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Why Kokopelli is Not Kokopelli: Paiyatamu & The Four Flutes

The iconic image of Kokopelli, the flute-playing kachina spirit of the Pueblo peoples, specifically the Hopi, is easily the most recognizable figure from Native American culture in the Southwest United States but, according to traditional...
Why Did Hitler Hate Jewish People?
Article by Mark Cartwright

Why Did Hitler Hate Jewish People?

The leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) identified Jewish people as enemies of the state, presenting them through relentless propaganda as responsible for Germany's economic and cultural decline. Basing this propaganda on White...
J. R. Giddings' Account of the Dade Massacre of the Second Seminole War
Article by Joshua J. Mark

J. R. Giddings' Account of the Dade Massacre of the Second Seminole War

The Dade Massacre (also given as the Dade Battle, 28 December 1835) was the opening engagement of the Second Seminole War (1835-1842) between Euro-American forces and those of the Seminole, Black Seminole, and runaway slaves who had found...
A Seminole Creation Story & Other Tales
Article by Joshua J. Mark

A Seminole Creation Story & Other Tales

The Seminole are a Native American nation of people descended from the Muscogee Creek nation, and others, who migrated to the modern-day State of Florida in the 1700s fleeing wars in the north. They were later joined by runaway slaves known...
Coyote Tales of the Apache
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Coyote Tales of the Apache

Coyote is easily the most famous trickster figure in the lore of the Native peoples of North America, and the Coyote tales of the Apache are among the best-known. As a trickster figure, Coyote appears alternately as a hero, villain, wise...
Manabozho Tales
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Manabozho Tales

Manabozho tales are the stories of the trickster figure and culture hero of the Ojibwe (Ojibway/Chippewa) and other Algonquin Native American nations of present-day northern United States and southeast Canada. Manabozho is a supernatural...
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