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Battle of the Ruhr
Article by Mark Cartwright

Battle of the Ruhr

The Battle of the Ruhr or the Ruhr Air Offensive (March-July 1943) was a sustained bombing campaign by the British and the United States air forces against the industrial heartland of Germany during the Second World War (1939-45). The offensive...
The Bear Man
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Bear Man

The Bear Man is a Pawnee legend exemplifying the Native American understanding of the natural world and serving as an origin tale for the Bear Dance, which was performed to awaken the bears in spring from their winter hibernation and also...
The Boy Who Was Sacrificed
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Boy Who Was Sacrificed

The Boy Who Was Sacrificed is a legend of the Pawnee nation highlighting the belief that everything happens for a reason according to the will of Ti-ra'wa ("Father Above"), the supreme creator, and how even the smallest creatures have an...
The Bombing of Berlin
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Bombing of Berlin

The bombing of Berlin, aka the Berlin Air Offensive or Battle of Berlin (Air), was a sustained bombing campaign on the German capital by the British Royal Air Force and United States Air Force from November 1943 until March 1944. The objective...
Twelve Famous Native American Women
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Twelve Famous Native American Women

Native American women are traditionally held in high regard among the diverse nations, whether a given people are matrilineal or patrilineal. Traditionally, women were not only responsible for raising children and caring for the home but...
Weapons in the American Revolution
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Weapons in the American Revolution

The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) was a long and bitter conflict fought between Great Britain and its thirteen North American colonies over the Americans' liberties and, eventually, for the independence of the United States. The...
How the World Was Made: A Cherokee Creation Story
Article by Joshua J. Mark

How the World Was Made: A Cherokee Creation Story

How the World Was Made is a creation story of the Cherokee nation, which, like many such tales of the Native peoples of North America, begins with a world covered by water from which dry land is formed and natural order created by beings...
The Schweinfurt-Regensburg Raids
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Schweinfurt-Regensburg Raids

The Schweinfurt-Regensburg raids in Germany were a series of attacks by B-17 Flying Fortress and B-24 Liberator bombers of the United States Air Force in August and October 1943 during the Second World War (1939-45). Schweinfurt had several...
The Bombing of Dresden in 1945
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Bombing of Dresden in 1945

The bomber raid on Dresden was a controversial and highly destructive combined operation by Royal Air Force Lancaster bombers and United States Air Force B-17 Flying Fortress bombers on 13, 14, and 15 February and 2 March 1945. The raid was...
Declaration of Independence
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence is the foundational document of the United States of America. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it explains why the Thirteen Colonies decided to separate from Great Britain during the American Revolution...
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