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French Involvement in the American Revolution
Article by Harrison W. Mark

French Involvement in the American Revolution

The involvement of France in the American War of Independence (1775-1783) was not only significant in the progress of the war itself but also as a critical moment for France. Whereas French intervention in the war would help turn the tide...
Magic Rings in Norse Mythology
Article by Irina-Maria Manea

Magic Rings in Norse Mythology

Elements of Norse mythology abound in The Lord of the Rings, and none is so compelling as the ring itself. The One Ring is reminiscent of magic rings in Norse lore, especially Odin's Draupnir or Andvaranaut from the legend of the Volsungs...
Gorgias' On Nature (On the Non-Existent)
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Gorgias' On Nature (On the Non-Existent)

Gorgias of Leontini (l. c. 427 BCE) was a famous Greek Sophist who claimed that nothing exists and, even if it does, its nature cannot be understood and, even if it could be, one is not able to communicate that understanding to another person...
Macedonian Colonization Under Philip II
Article by Athanasios Fountoukis

Macedonian Colonization Under Philip II

Philip II of Macedon (359-336 BCE) envisaged a broad Macedonian kingdom and his colonial expansion resulted in the forging of an empire that his son Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BCE) would use as a springboard for even greater things...
Interview: The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert by John Lee
Interview by Kelly Macquire

Interview: The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert by John Lee

John Lee joins World History Encyclopedia to tell us all about his new book, The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert. Kelly (WHE): Thank you so much for joining me! Let us start by talking about what the book is...
Colonel Blood & the Theft of the Crown Jewels
Article by Mark Cartwright

Colonel Blood & the Theft of the Crown Jewels

Colonel Thomas Blood, a known conspirator, made an infamous but unsuccessful attempt to steal the British Crown Jewels from the Tower of London in 1671. Disguised as a clergyman, Blood and his gang swiped the royal regalia from under the...
Diasporic Communities in the Mediterranean & Beyond
Article by Rebecca Denova

Diasporic Communities in the Mediterranean & Beyond

A diaspora is a large group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have since moved from their original homelands to another country. In terms of ethnicity, they share a common language, worldviews, myths, religious concepts and...
50 Biblical Phrases, Idioms, & Metaphors
Article by Rebecca Denova

50 Biblical Phrases, Idioms, & Metaphors

In the Western tradition, many phrases and terms from the Bible are utilized as allegory, metaphors, idioms, or simply to describe the characteristics of a known person or event. They have become an essential element of literature and descriptions...
Legions of Judea
Article by Donald L. Wasson

Legions of Judea

Judea was initially dependent on its neighbor Syria for military support until it received a Roman legion of its own in 70 CE after the Great Jewish Revolt of 66 CE. Legio X Fretensis was stationed at remains of the burned city of Jerusalem...
Müntzer's Vindication and Refutation
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Müntzer's Vindication and Refutation

The Vindication and Refutation of Thomas Müntzer (l. c. 1489-1525) is a 1524 open letter to Jesus Christ, Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546), and the Christian community charging Luther with hypocrisy, betraying his original vision to win support...
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