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Persian Miniature Painting
Article by Pegah Eidipour

Persian Miniature Painting

Persian miniature painting is a courtly and aristocratic art, with exquisite colors, balanced compositions, and meticulous attention to detail. Although its origins can be difficult to trace, many consider the Arzhang, the illustrated book...
Women in the New Testament
Article by Rebecca Denova

Women in the New Testament

Women in the New Testament are presented for the most part along the contours of both Jewish and Greco-Roman concepts of the social construction of gender roles. Women’s value to society was in their role in procreation. There are some exceptions...
Our Favourite Ancient History Shops
Article by Kelly Macquire

Our Favourite Ancient History Shops

World History Encyclopedia’s main mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. We are achieving this through our definitions and articles, our videos and education resources, our audio articles...
The Legacy of Charles Martel & the Battle of Tours
Article by Christopher L. Serafin

The Legacy of Charles Martel & the Battle of Tours

The Battle of Poitiers aka the Battle of Tours took place over roughly a week in early October of 732. The opposing sides consisted of a Frankish army led by Charles Martel (r. 718-741) against an invading Muslim army under the nominal sovereignty...
Boethius: First of the Medievals?
Article by Isaac Toman Grief

Boethius: First of the Medievals?

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (c. 477-524/525) was a scholar in Late Antiquity who was imprisoned and executed by Theodoric (r. 493-526 CE) but was later idolised by medieval intellectuals. His most famous work was De consolatione philosophiae...
The Jolly Roger & Other Pirate Flags
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Jolly Roger & Other Pirate Flags

The Jolly Roger with its white skull and crossbones set against a black background has become a rather jovial part of pirate folklore but, in its day, this flag and others with similar blood-curdling designs, had a single and terrifying purpose...
Women in the Old Testament
Article by Rebecca Denova

Women in the Old Testament

Modern practitioners of Judaism and Christianity often turn to the Bible for stories concerning women and their roles in ancient religion and society. It is important to acknowledge that these stories were written by men. The male perspectives...
Eyes on the East: Chronicles of the Indian Ocean Spice Trade
Article by James Hancock

Eyes on the East: Chronicles of the Indian Ocean Spice Trade

As the 15th century ended, Europeans were still mostly in the dark about the Eastern world. Early travelers like Marco Polo had given the West tidbits of information, but these accounts were too highly colored and fragmentary to provide a...
Biblical Apocalypse
Article by Rebecca Denova

Biblical Apocalypse

Apocalypse (Greek: apokalypsis, an "unveiling of secrets") is not an event, but a text that contains prophesies concerning God’s future intervention, and apocalypticism is a reference for attitudes and worldviews in biblical and non-canonical...
Indian Ocean Trade before the European Conquest
Article by James Hancock

Indian Ocean Trade before the European Conquest

Finding a maritime route to the East and gaining access to the lucrative spice trade stood at the root of the European Age of Exploration. However, when Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached the Indian Ocean in 1493, he...
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