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Viking Prophecy: The Poem Völuspá of the Poetic Edda
Article by Irina-Maria Manea

Viking Prophecy: The Poem Völuspá of the Poetic Edda

The Völuspá (Old Norse: Vǫluspá) is a medieval poem of the Poetic Edda that describes how the world might have come into shape and would end according to Norse mythology. The story of about 60 stanzas is told by a seeress or völva (Old Norse...
Top 5 Archaeological Sites in Lebanon
Article by Carole Raddato

Top 5 Archaeological Sites in Lebanon

Home to some of the Middle East’s most majestic ancient ruins, Lebanon has a rich and varied heritage with over 5,000 years of recorded history. Over the millennia, different conquering empires have left their footprints on the architecture...
Celtic Brooches
Article by Mark Cartwright

Celtic Brooches

Ancient and medieval Celtic cultures produced many forms of jewellery, and one distinctive category is their brooches, fibulae, and pins. Without zips and buttons, brooches were used to close items of clothing, to create a pleasing or fashionable...
Ancient Celtic Torcs
Article by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Celtic Torcs

In ancient Celtic cultures, torcs were a common form of jewellery and were made from bronze, copper, silver, and gold. Torcs were not just exquisite works of Celtic art but also identified the wearer’s status and perhaps were believed to...
The Origin of Satan
Article by Rebecca Denova

The Origin of Satan

Satan, or the Devil, is one of the best-known characters in the Western traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Surprisingly, this entity was a late-comer in the ancient world. Satan, as a totally evil being, is nowhere to be found...
The Megalithic Temples of Malta
Article by Ollie Wells

The Megalithic Temples of Malta

The megalithic temples of Malta and Gozo rank amongst the oldest free-standing buildings in the world. Construction of these temples started c. 3500 BCE, an impressive architectural feat for their time, particularly given that the builders...
Celtic Bronze Shields
Article by Mark Cartwright

Celtic Bronze Shields

The ancient Celts produced magnificent bronze shields in Iron Age Britain which were most likely for ceremonial purposes and display. Several fine examples have miraculously survived as evidence of the imagination, skill, and artistry of...
Tobacco & Colonial American Economy
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Tobacco & Colonial American Economy

The most important cash crop in Colonial America was tobacco, first cultivated by the English at their Jamestown Colony of Virginia in 1610 CE by the merchant John Rolfe (l. 1585-1622 CE). Tobacco grew in the wild prior to this time and was...
Celtic Feasts
Article by Mark Cartwright

Celtic Feasts

Feasts were an important part of ancient Celtic culture which marked important dates in the calendar and community successes. They were, too, an opportunity to display social status and, of course, eat and drink aplenty. Drunkenness and brawling...
The Island of Gla: A Mycenaean Mystery Solved?
Article by Duncan JD Smith

The Island of Gla: A Mycenaean Mystery Solved?

The island of Gla, an enigmatic Mycenaean citadel in the north-eastern corner of the Copais basin lies 70 miles north of Athens, in the region of Boeotia. Lake Copais was the largest lake in Greece until the late-19th century CE when it was...
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