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A Brief History of Tobacco in the Americas
Article by Joshua J. Mark

A Brief History of Tobacco in the Americas

The history of tobacco use in the Americas goes back over 1,000 years when natives of the region chewed or smoked the leaves of the plant now known as Nicotiana rustica (primarily in the north) and Nicotiana tabacum (mostly in the south...
Rome's Response to the Spread of Christianity
Article by Rebecca Denova

Rome's Response to the Spread of Christianity

During the 1st century CE, a sect of Jews in Jerusalem claimed that their teacher, Jesus of Nazareth, was the 'messiah' of Israel. 'Messiah' meant 'anointed one', or someone chosen by the God of Israel to lead when God would intervene in...
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Interview by Kelly Macquire

Interview with Simon from Lithodomos VR

In this interview, Ancient History Encyclopedia is talking to Simon Young, the founder of Lithodomos VR, which is a company based in Melbourne, about their new platform Ancient World! Simon (Lithodomos VR): Hi, Kelly. It is great to...
Ancient Christianity’s Effect on Society & Gender Roles
Article by Rebecca Denova

Ancient Christianity’s Effect on Society & Gender Roles

Christianity began as a sect of Judaism in Judea in the 1st century CE and spread to the cities of the Eastern Roman Empire and beyond. In these cities, non-Jews, Gentiles, wanted to join the movement, and these Gentile-Christians soon outnumbered...
The Trial of Anne Hutchinson
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Trial of Anne Hutchinson

Anne Hutchinson (l. 1591-1643 CE) was a religious dissident who was brought to trial by John Winthrop (l. c. 1588-1649 CE) and the other magistrates of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 CE for spreading "erroneous opinions" regarding religious...
Roger Williams' The Bloody Tenent of Persecution
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Roger Williams' The Bloody Tenent of Persecution

The Bloody Tenent of Persecution (original title, The Bloody Tenenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience) is a 1644 CE book by the Puritan separatist Roger Williams (l. 1603-1683 CE) which is best known for its arguments supporting the...
Winthrop & Williams: Religious Persecution & Freedom in New England
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Winthrop & Williams: Religious Persecution & Freedom in New England

The Puritans who settled New England claimed they came to the New World for religious freedom but, once settled, made it clear that this freedom was for themselves only and dissent would not be tolerated. Although the most famous example...
Roger Williams' A Letter to the Town of Providence
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Roger Williams' A Letter to the Town of Providence

Roger Williams (l. 1603-1683 CE) was a Puritan separatist who believed in and advocated for the separation of church and state, claiming that politics corrupted religion. He advocated for this policy in a number of his written works but...
Hei Tiki
Article by Kim Martins

Hei Tiki

The hei tiki is a small personal adornment, fashioned by hand from tough pounamu (New Zealand greenstone or nephrite jade), and is worn around the neck. Hei means something looped around the neck, and tiki is a generic word used throughout...
A Roman Trail in the Moselle Valley
Article by Carole Raddato

A Roman Trail in the Moselle Valley

The Moselle Valley is Germany's oldest winegrowing region. The Romans brought viticulture to this area and planted vines along the Moselle River 2000 years ago. After settling the region c. 50 BCE and establishing the city of Trier (Augusta...
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