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Bombardment of Fort Sumter
Bombardment of Fort Sumter by the Batteries of the Confederate States, April 13, 1861, woodcut by an unknown artist, 27 April 1861. This woodcut shows the opening of the American Civil War, the attack on Fort Sumter by...
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Fort Sumter Storm Flag
The storm flag of Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina, 1861, photograph by an unknown photographer. After the original larger garrison flag became ripped, it was replaced by the smaller storm flag shown here, which flew...
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The Twelve Longest Discovery Expeditions in the Age of Sail - Exploration, Science, and the Expansion of Global Knowledge
The Age of Sail (c. 1400–1860 CE) witnessed a dramatic expansion of long-distance maritime exploration, driven by commercial ambitions, imperial...
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Map of the United States at the Outbreak of Civil War, 1861 - Slavery, Secession, and the 1860 Presidential Election
In early 1861, the United States faced an unprecedented constitutional crisis rooted in the expansion and protection of slavery. Abraham Lincoln’s...
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Map of Roman Hispania under Hadrian, c. 125 CE - Administration and Urban Networks in the Iberian Peninsula
Roman Hispania under Hadrian (reign 117–138 CE) represented the outcome of a long and often violent process of conquest, beginning during the Second Punic...
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Homestead and the Building of the Barbed Wire Fences
The Homestead and the Building of the Barbed Wire Fences, oil on paperboard by John Steuart Curry, c. 1935-1943. The Homestead Act of 1862 accelerated settlement of the Western territory, guaranteeing...
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Early Homestead, Nicodemus, Kansas
Early homestead, Nicodemus, Kansas, c. late 19th century. The Homestead Act of 1862 accelerated settlement of the Western territory, guaranteeing title to 160 acres of surveyed land for each claimant who worked...
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Map of the Magellan–Elcano Voyage, 1519–1522 - The First Recorded Circumnavigation of the World
A map of the Magellan–Elcano expedition (1519–1522), a Spanish-sponsored maritime voyage authorized under Charles I of Spain (reign 1516–1556; later Holy Roman Emperor...
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The Toledo Gate in Ciudad Real
The Toledo Gate, photograph by Juan Ángel Piqueras, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, 13 July 2026. The Toledo Gate (Spanish: La Puerta de Toledo) in Ciudad Real is a significant example of military architecture...
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Map of The Olmec World and Its Mesoamerican Connections - Power, Resources, and Interaction Networks, c. 1500–400 BCE
The Olmec world developed in the tropical lowlands of present-day Veracruz and Tabasco during Mesoamerica’s Formative period (c. 1500–400 BCE). Major...
