Images

This limestone head of an unidentified woman dates to the Roman Period, second to third century CE. From Palmyra, in modern-day Syria. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turkey).

This fragment is from a base of a sarcophagus. Roman Period. From Palmyra, in modern-day Syria. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turkey).

The Aramaic inscription says that this stele was erected in the 324th year of the Seleucid calendar (12-13 CE) by Sanashu's son, Re'n-tayar, the esteemed shepherd, for the goddess Sherua. Parthian, first century CE. From Ashur (Assur), Northern...

A detail of a 19th century CE painting by Merry-Joseph Blondel of the English king Richard I of England, the 'Lionheart' (r. 1189-1199 CE). (Palace of Versailles, France)

A 13th century CE illustration of King Henry II of England (r. 1154-1189 CE) and Richard I of England the Lionheart (r. 1189-199 CE). (British Library)

The arms of Richard I, king of England from 1189 to 1999 CE, and Engish kings thereafter.

Page from the early 14th-century Codex Manesse - an illuminated book of poetry composed in Middle High German - depicting Duke Heinrich von Breslau (probably Henry IV of Silesia, also known as Henryk IV Probus in Polish) participating in...

Page from the early 14th-century Codex Manesse - an illuminated book of poetry composed in Middle High German - depicting Henry I, Count of Anhalt participating in a tournament.

The man depicted on the stele was represented frontally. He raises his right arm while his left hand holds what appears to be a staff. A sword hangs down at his left waist. The divine emblems of Ishtar and Sin were placed above his left shoulder...

The smaller sarcophagus on the left belonged to a child. Baked clay and glazed. Parthian, 1st century BCE to 1st century CE. From Nippur, Southern Mesopotamia, in modern-day Iraq. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turkey).