Images

A replica of the calculating machine made in 1642 by the French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Made of brass and 28 cm in length. (Science Museum, London)

The buffalo jump near Ulm, Montana. Formerly called Ulm Pishkun, now called First People's Buffalo Jump. The buffalo jump was used regularly by Plains Indians in hunting North American bison by chasing them toward a cliff they would plunge...

The Crow Indian Bison Hunt diorama. The North American Indians: A Tribute to Survival exhibit, Milwaukee Public Museum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Rath & Wright's Buffalo Hide Yard in Dodge City, Kansas, showing 40,000 buffalo hides. According to eyewitness accounts, such as those of Old Lady Horse of the Kiowa Nation, this became a common sight in the latter part of the 19th century...

A map showing the extermination of the American bison to 1889, based on a drawing by conservationist and zoologist William Temple Hornaday. Light brown indicates the original range; brown suggests the range as of 1870; small black areas are...

Indians Hunting the Bison, aquatint by Karl Bodmer, 1832-34. Nordamerika Native Museum, Zürich.

Bison skulls piled at Michigan Carbon Works in Rougeville, outside of Detroit, Michigan, USA, 1892. The bones were processed for various commodities such as glue, dye, and fertilizer. Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library...

A c. 1690 oil-on-canvas portrait of Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), the French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. (Palace of Versailles)

An 18th-century painting of the Abbey of Port-Royal-des-Champs in France.

Indian Girl in White Blanket, painting by Robert Henri, 1917. Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Photo by Daderot.