Images

This ancient clay vessel was made in what is present-day Armenia. It dates from the 18th-16th century BCE. (Metsamor Historical-Archaeological Museum-Reserve, Taronik, Armenia)

This modern sculpture of Movses Khorenatsi (c. 401-490s CE) by A. Urartu depicts the famous Armenian historian in old age. Khorenatsi was the author of the influential historiography "The History of Armenia," and he is frequently referred...

A portrait bust of Byzantine emperor Leo I (r. 457-474 CE). (Louvre Museum, Paris)

Although this manuscript edition of the "History of Vardan and the Armenian War" was finished in 1569 CE, this illustration shows a battle between the Armenians and the Persians in the 5th century CE. Take special note of the Persian elephants...

Ancient stone mold, used for making weapons in ancient times in what is present-day Armenia, dating from the 12th-10th century BCE. Metsamor Historical-Archaeological Museum-Reserve, Taronik.

A map of the Byzantine empire c. 626 CE.

Gold nomisma coin depicting Byzantine emperor Heraclius (r. 610-641 CE) and his son Constantine III. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome.

A 15th century CE painting depicting Byzantine emperor Heraclius (r. 610-641 CE) returning the True Cross of Christianity to Jerusalem. (By Miguel Ximenez, Museum of Zaragoza, Spain)

Coin depicting Masinissa, the first king of Numidia, who reigned from 202 BCE-148 BCE.

Artist's depiction of the capture of the Numidian king Jugurtha. He was betrayed by his son-in-law Bocchus in 105 BCE and handed over to Sulla (who would later become dictator of Rome), who brought him back to Rome in chains.