Images

This fragment of limestone contains text in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics that was found in the pyramid of Pharaoh Pepi I Meryre (r. c. 2335–2285 BCE). (Pushkin Museum, Moscow)

This sandstone stela was made in what is present-day Egypt around 66 CE. The script is in Demotic. Parthenios oversaw the finances at the Temple of Isis in Koptos (modern Qift, Egypt) from c. 18-63 CE. This stela details an offering made...

This clay stamp seal was made in what is now present-day Armenia around the 4th-3rd century BCE. (Metsamor Historical-Archaeological Museum-Reserve, Taronik, Armenia)

This belt-fragment is made of silver and coated in gold. It was made during the 11-12th century BCE in what is present-day Armenia. (Metsamor Historical-Archaeological Museum-Reserve, Taronik, Armenia)

This belt is made of bronze and originated in the Van Kingdom of ancient Urartu. It dates from the 8th-6th century BCE. (Metsamor Historical-Archaeological Museum-Reserve, Taronik, Armenia)

Two clay grenades which were designed to be filled with the flammable liquid known as Greek Fire and launched at the enemy. Greek Fire was first used in the Byzantine empire in 678 CE. These examples date to between the 10th and 12th century...

A 12th century CE illustration of the Byzantine weapon Greek Fire in action. The weapon sprayed a petroleum-based liquid to set ablaze anything in its path, especially ships. Here the battle is between ships of Michael II and those of Thomas...

An artist's impression of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, built c. 300 - c. 280 BCE and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. (From the computer game Assassin's Creed Origins)

An artist's impression of Tetricus I (271-274 CE), emperor of the Gallic Empire, in battle as depicted in the PC game Rome II: Total War - Empire Divided.

Artist's impression of a Roman woman, dressed as a Priestess of Vesta, performing sacred rites. Invocation by Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton (1830–1896 CE). Oil on Canvas.