Images

A portrait by Tintoretto of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of the Republic of Venice (r. 1192-1205 CE) and prime instigator of the sack of Constantinople in 1204 CE during the Fourth Crusade.

A 16th century CE painting by Palma Le Jeune depicting the attack on Constantinople in 1204 CE during the Fourth Crusade.

On-going excavations at the Areni Cave in Armenia. Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age.

December, Brevarium Grimani, fol. 13v, Flemish, c. 1510 CE. Biblioteca Marciana, Venice

Black Hours, Pentecost (18v/19r), created in Bruges, c. 1475-1480 CE. Morgan Library

Jean Pucelle: Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux. 1325-28 CE, Metropolitan Museum, New York.

Initial page of the Gospel of St. Mark from the Lindisfarne Gospels (c. 700-715 CE), created at the Lindisfarne Priory on the “Holy Island” off the coast of Northumbria, Britain.

A 15th century CE painting by Jean Fouquet depicting the Second Crusaders (1147-49 CE), led by Louis VII and Conrad III, as they arrive at Constantinople.

Iona Abbey, Scotland.

The Book of Kells, (folio 292r), c. 800 CE, showing the lavishly decorated text that opens the Gospel of John. (Trinity College Library)