Images

Ivan the Great Tearing the Khan's Letter to Pieces, oil on canvas by Aleksey Kivshenko (1851-1896).

Destruction of the Novgorod Veche, oil on canvas by Klavdy Lebedev, 1889. State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow (r. 1462-1505), picture from The Tsar's Titular, 1672. Scanned from Russian book RUSSIA: Complete Encyclopedic Illustrated Reference Book, OLMA-PRESS, 2002.

Ivan III of Russia (Ivan the Great, r. 1462-1505), engraving published in H.F. Helmolt (ed.): History of the World. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1902. University of Texas Portrait Gallery.

An engraved portrait of the French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Engraved by Ambroise Tardieu (1788-1841). (Science Museum, London)

A replica of the calculating machine made in 1642 by the French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Made of brass and 28 cm in length. (Science Museum, London)

The buffalo jump near Ulm, Montana. Formerly called Ulm Pishkun, now called First People's Buffalo Jump. The buffalo jump was used regularly by Plains Indians in hunting North American bison by chasing them toward a cliff they would plunge...

The Crow Indian Bison Hunt diorama. The North American Indians: A Tribute to Survival exhibit, Milwaukee Public Museum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Rath & Wright's Buffalo Hide Yard in Dodge City, Kansas, showing 40,000 buffalo hides. According to eyewitness accounts, such as those of Old Lady Horse of the Kiowa Nation, this became a common sight in the latter part of the 19th century...

A map showing the extermination of the American bison to 1889, based on a drawing by conservationist and zoologist William Temple Hornaday. Light brown indicates the original range; brown suggests the range as of 1870; small black areas are...