Images

A marble relief showing the fate of Ixion who was tied to an ever-spinning wheel in Hades. 1st-2nd century CE. (Archaeological Museum of Side, Turkey)

An Egyptian protective amulet in the form of the Eye of Horus (wedjat). Earthenware, 6th-4th century BCE. (Louvre Museum, Paris)

A Roman statue of Polymnia, the Muse of hymns to the gods and heroes. 2nd century CE. (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, Denmark)

An illustration indicating the tattoos present on the Egyptian Mummy of Amunet, a priestess of the goddess Hathor in the 11th Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. (Daniel Fouquet, ‘Le Tatouage Medicale en Egypte dans l’Antiquite et a l’Epoque Actuelle’...

A female figurine showing tattoos. Faience, Egypt, Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty, 1850-1640 BCE. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

Bust of Gaius Marius (c. 157-86 BCE), Villa Borghese, Rome.

Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus (120–63 BCE), as Heracles, 1st century CE, Louvre Museum

An artist's impression of how Visigoth warriors may have appeared in the 5th century CE.

An artist's impression of how Visigoth warriors may have looked in the 5th century CE.

An artist's impression of how the armies of Attila the Hun (r. 434-453 CE) may have looked.