Images

The War Scroll, part of the Dead Sea Scrolls discovered at Quram, Israel which were composed between the 3rd century BCE and the 1st century CE.

An example of Younger Futhark runes from the 12th-century Vaksala Runestone in Sweden.

The empire of Chandragupta Maurya (340-298 BCE) at its greatest extent, c. 305 BCE. However, Jain texts would suggest the Empire stretched much further to the south.

The archaeological remains at Antiochia ad Cragum in Anatolia.

A gold aureus coin depicting Roman emperor Macrinus (r. 217-218 CE).

Relief from the Sebasteion of Aphrodisias depicting the Three Graces in a typical Hellenistic style. The Sebasteion is a monumental complex dedicated to Aphrodite and the Julio-Claudian emperors in the 1st century CE. Aphrodisias Museum...

Marble statue of the Three Graces dancing in a circle. 2nd century CE Roman copy of a Greek statue of the 2nd century BCE with Rennaisance era restorations. Found in the Villa Cornovaglia in Rome. Louvre Museum, Paris.

An artist's impression of how the fortifications of a Hellenistic period city such as Syracuse may have looked like.

Helios, the sun god riding his chariot. Relief architrave from the Temple of Athena at Troy, 300-280 BCE. (Altes Museum, Berlin)

A red-figure kalyx-krater depicting the sun god Helios. The stars are represented by young male children descending into the ocean. Attica, c. 430 BCE. (British Museum, London)