Images

Lord Stirling leads an attack against the British (in the background) to buy time for other American troops to retreat (as depicted in the foreground) at the Battle of Long Island (27 August 1776), which resulted in a defeat for the Continental...

General Sir William Howe, commander of the British forces during the American Revolutionary War. Mezzotint by Richard Purcell, published by John Morris, London, November 1777. Anne S. K. Brown Military History Collection at Brown University...

George Washington as commander of the Continental Army, 1776. That year, which saw the defeat of Washington's army at the Battle of Long Island and in the subsequent New York Campaign of 1776 was the bleakest year of Washington's military...

The Delaware Regiment of the Continental Army at the Battle of Long Island during the American Revolutionary War. Painting by Domenick D'Andrea, commissioned by the US National Guard Bureau, c. 2004.

A posthumous portrait lithographic print of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677). (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam)

The grave of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) at the Nieuwe Kerk in The Hague, Netherlands.

An early 20th-century painting by Samuel Hirszenberg of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) illustrating his excomunication by the Jewish community in Amsterdam around 1656 for his radical views.

A c. 1665 portrait of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677). (Herzog August Library, Wolfenbüttel, Germany)

The calculating machine capable of multiplication and division invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), the German polymath. (Technische Sammlungen Museum, Dreseden, Germany)

A 1695 oil-on-canvas portrait by Christoph Bernhard Francke of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), the German polymath. (Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Braunschweig, Germany)