Images

Portrait of Alexander de Beauharnais, oil on canvas by Georges Rouget, 1834. Palace of Versailles.

A map of the Moon's surface drawn in 1647 by Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687), the Polish astronomer. (Bodleian Library, Oxford)

A 1673 print showing Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687), the Polish astronomer, and his wife Elisabeth examining the stars using a sextant. From Hevelius's Machinae Coelestis: Pars Prior, (1673), fig. M, facing p. 222.

A 1677 portrait by Daniel Schultz of Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687), the Polish astronomer. (Library of Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk)

An engraving portrait of Robert Boyle (1627-1691), the Anglo-Irish chemist, physicist, and experimental philosopher. In the background is the scientist's celebrated air pump.

The air pump commissioned by Robert Boyle (1627-1691) and built by Robert Hooke (1635-1703). The instrument was unique in that it allowed specimens to be placed in the glass ball and subjected to different air pressures. From an edition of...

A leather-bound notebook belonging to Robert Boyle (1627-1691), the Anglo-Irish chemist, physicist, and experimental philosopher. (Royal Society, London)

A 1689 portrait by Johann Kerseboom of Robert Boyle (1627-1691), the Anglo-Irish chemist, physicist, and experimental philosopher. (Science History Institute, Philadelphia)

Native American medicine bag, illustration from the Annual Archaeological Report, 1915, by Rowland B. Orr, published in Ontario Sessional Papers, 1916, No. 17-18, 1916.

Winnebago Medicine Bundle, Nebraska, United States, 1850-60. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.