Images

A detail from the Narmer Palette, Egypt, c. 3100 BCE. The inscribed slab depicts a king identified as Narmer conquering his enemies and subjugating the land. (Egyptian Museum, Cairo)

The cartouche of Egyptian king Menes, c. 3150 BCE, the legendary first ruler of Egypt considered to have united Upper and Lower Egypt and founded the First Dynasty. From the Abydos kinglist, Abydos, Egypt.

The first pyramid of Egypt, the Step Pyramid at Saqqara, Egypt. Constructed by the architect Imhotep c. 2670-2650 BCE during the reign of Djoser for that king's burial tomb.

Bronze figure of Imhotep, the architect of Djoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara, represented as a seated scribe, dating from the Late Period of Ancient Egypt when Imhotep was deified some 2,000 years after his death. British Museum, London...

A Roman bronze coin depicting Marcus Aurelius on campaign. 2nd century CE. (Numismatics Museum, Athens)

Pottery ostrakon identifying Pericles, 444-443 BCE. These were used in Athens to vote a particular citizen to be exiled from the polis. From a well on the north slope of the acropolis of Athens. (Museum of the Ancient Agora, Athens)

Bronze pinakia - used to allot Athenian citizens their role as jurors. On the plate was inscribed the person's name, their father's name, and their deme (township). In the centre is a bronze ball from the machine (kleroteria) used to randomly...

Marble head of a goddess identified as Nemesis. 1st century CE copy of a 5th century BCE original by Agorakritos. (Agora Museum, Athens)

A model of the agora of Athens at its maximum extension during the 2nd century CE. (Agora Museum, Athens)

A model of the Athenian acropolis in the 5th century BCE. The monumental Propylaea gives access to the Parthenon (centre) and the Erechtheion (left side). (Agora Museum, Athens)