Images

Joachim Murat leads a cavalry charge against the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Aboukir, during Napoleon's Campaign in Egypt and Syria, in July 1799. Painting by Antoine-Jean Gros, 1807. Palace of Versailles.

A portrait of the Murat family: Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples and wife of Joachim Murat, sits in the center of her four children. The children include Achille Murat, Lucien Murat, Luisa Murat, and Letizia Murat. Oil on canvas painting...

Execution of Joachim Murat, former French marshal and King of Naples, by firing squad, 13 October 1815. Image from the book Patria Esercito Re by Leopoldo Pullè, 1908.

A map illustrating the trends and directions of the expansion of the ancient Geeks across the Aegean during the so-called Greek Dark Ages in the wake of the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization. During the 1100s BCE, fueled by a variety...

An example of a Copley Medal, the oldest medal awarded by the Royal Society for making an outstanding contribution to the field of scientific knowledge, first issued in 1731.

French Emperor Napoleon I and Prince Józef Poniatowski leading troops during the Battle of Smolensk (16-18 August 1812), painting by Jean-Charles Langlois, 1839. The burning city is visible in the background. Palace of Versailles.

Prince Józef Poniatowski leading Polish troops during the wars of the 1790s, painting by Aleksander Orłowski, c. 1809-1813. Private collection.

The death of Prince Józef Poniatowski on 19 October 1813, during the Battle of Leipzig. Oil on canvas by Horace Vernet, 1816.

Portrait of future French marshal and Polish national hero Prince Józef Poniatowski as a youth, c. 1778. Oil on canvas by Marcello Bacciarelli. National Museum of Krakow.

Portrait of Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski, the last King of Poland, in his coronation robes, oil on canvas by Marcello Bacciarelli, 1764. Royal Castle of Warsaw.