Images

A granite statue of the Egyptian bull-god Apis. From Memphis, New Kingdom, 1550-1070 BCE. (Vatican Museums, Rome)

A seal impression of Peribsen, king in the Second Dynasty of Egypt, c. 2890 to c. 2670 BCE. British Museum, London.

An ivory lable fragment depicting the Egyptian king Den (c. 2990 BCE) who ruled during the First Dynasty. He is the first ruler to be depicted wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. Abydos, Umm el Qaab, tomb T, the Tomb of Horus...

Chinese philosopher Dogen (1200-1253 CE)

The Temple of Hera II at Paestum (Italy), sometimes called the Temple of Neptune or the Temple of Poseidon (misnomers from the 18th century), is an archaic Doric temple constructed ca. 470-460 BCE. The temple is peripteral and hexastyle with...

The Temple of Hera I at Paestum (Italy), also known as the Basilica, is an archaic Doric temple constructed ca. 550 BCE. The temple is peripteral with 9×18 columns. The temple was a part of a larger enclosed sanctuary to Hera, a Heraion...

This map shows Ebla and Mari's territories c. 2380 BCE. The two powers were rivals and allies on and off and together dominated much of modern-day Syria and western Iraq. Iblul-Il of Mari is known to have exacted tribute from Ebla during...

This map shows the political situation in Syro-Mesopotamia c. 1764 BCE. During this time, the Amorite Kings, Hammurabi of Babylon and Zimri-Lim of Mari were engaged in near-constant warfare with surrounding polities, many of whom were also...

This fresco mural depicts Zimri-Lim, the last king of Mari. It was likely created c. 1775 BCE when Zimri-Lim regained the throne of Mari for the Amorite "Lim Dynasty" from Shamsi-Adad's son, Yasmakh-Adad. The mural depicts Zimri-Lim receiving...

A portion of the fortifications at the site of Mari, modern-day Tell Hariri, Syria. Mari's fortifications entered their most advanced stage in the 19th century BCE when the city and the rest of the region were under threat from Amorite invaders...