Images

The frontispiece to Novum Organum by Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626), published in 1620. Presenting what he described as a new scientific method of inquiry, Bacon likened himself in this pioneering endeavor to Christopher Columbus, hence the...

A 1617 portrait by Paul van Somer of Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the English philosopher, statesman, and author. (Łazienki Palace, Warsaw)

Titus Quinctius Flamininus declares Greece free after the Second Macedonian War and the defeat of Philip V of Macedon at the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BCE), oil on canvas by Giuseppe Sciuti, c. 1879. Private collection.

Gold stater in the name of Titus Quinctius Flamininus, probably issued in the wake of the victory at the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BCE), minted in Greece, 196 BCE. The British Museum, London.

Portrait of Joachim Murat as King of Naples (r. 1808-1815), oil on canvas by François Gérard, c. 1811. Private collection.

Joachim Murat leads a cavalry charge against the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Aboukir, during Napoleon's Campaign in Egypt and Syria, in July 1799. Painting by Antoine-Jean Gros, 1807. Palace of Versailles.

A portrait of the Murat family: Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples and wife of Joachim Murat, sits in the center of her four children. The children include Achille Murat, Lucien Murat, Luisa Murat, and Letizia Murat. Oil on canvas painting...

Execution of Joachim Murat, former French marshal and King of Naples, by firing squad, 13 October 1815. Image from the book Patria Esercito Re by Leopoldo Pullè, 1908.

A map illustrating the trends and directions of the expansion of the ancient Geeks across the Aegean during the so-called Greek Dark Ages in the wake of the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization. During the 1100s BCE, fueled by a variety...

An example of a Copley Medal, the oldest medal awarded by the Royal Society for making an outstanding contribution to the field of scientific knowledge, first issued in 1731.