Images

Territory occupied by the Franks in 555 after the conquest of northern Italy.

Bearded Pictish warrior from the Bullion Stone, Angus, now in the National Museum of Scotland.

Pictish Burghead Bull, 7th century CE, found in Burghead, Morayshire, Scotland; now in the British Museum.

Avar belt mount, 8th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

East Roman Empire, 6th century CE, showing the territories of the Avars, Goths, Franks, Lombards, Saxons, Thuringians, Slavs.

A marble eye which was once attached to the prow of a trireme in order to ward off evil. Traces of the original paint can still be seen. (Archaeological Museum of Piraeus)

Stone kleroteria; a device that randomly dispensed black or white tokens which the Athenians used to select citizens for jury service. (Agora Museum of Athens)

Pottery ostraka identifying Themistocles, 482 BCE. These were used in Athens to vote a particular citizen to be ostracised from the polis. From a well on the north slope of the acropolis of Athens. (Museum of the Ancient Agora, Athens)

A model of the Athenian acropolis in the 5th century BCE. The monumental Propylaea gives access to the Parthenon (centre) and the Erechtheion (left side). (Acropolis Museum, Athens)

A Roman period sundial of the Greek hemispherical type. (Archaeological Museum of Piraeus)