Images

A gold Aureus depicting Roman emperor Pescennius Niger, r. 193-4 CE. (Palazzo Massimo, Rome)

Mauryan ringstone, Northwest Pakistan, 3rd century BCE. (British Museum, London)

A marble head of Commodus, end of 2nd century CE, from Rome. (Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome)

Head of Septimius Severus (reign 193–211 CE), dates to the years after 195 CE. (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen).

Marble head of Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus (r. 305-306 CE) who was the father of Constantine the Great. (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen)

Head of Lucius Verus (reign: 161 – 169 CE), from a colossal statue found in the north gallery of the palaestra of the South Baths in Perge, Turkey. (Antalya Museum)

Bust of Roman Emperor Claudius reworked from a statue of his predecessor Caligula, from Acerra near Formia (Italy), 37 - 54 CE. (Altes Museum Berlin)

Marble head of Roman Emperor Lucius Verus, c. 160-170 CE. (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen)

Portrait of Roman Emperor Alexander Severus (reign: 222 – 235 CE), from Ostia Antica. (Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome)

A marble head of Roman Emperor Commodus, c. 191-192 CE. (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen)