Images

Skyphos (two-handled wine cup) from the Boscoreale Treasure depicting Augustus receiving the obeisance of vanquished Barbarians and personifications of subdued provinces. Late 1st century BCE - early 1st century CE. (Louvre Museum, Paris)

Colossal portrait of Augustus, 1st century CE. (Vatican Museums, Rome)

A statue of Augustus depicted as magistrate. (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen)

Spartacus, marble sculpture of Denis Foyatier, 1830 CE. (Louvre Museum, Paris)

Bust of Augustus wearing the oak crown (corona civica) discovered on the site of the Roman villa of Chiragan (France), 19-18 BCE. (Toulouse, Musée Saint-Raymond)

A marble head of Roman statesman and general Marcus Licinius Crassus, middle of 1st century BCE. (Louvre Museum)

A Moche gold headdress (1-700 CE). The figure represents a fanged deity, a common subject in Moche art. (Larco Museum, Lima)

A ceramic portrait vessel from the Moche civilization of ancient Peru (1 CE - 700 CE). Such spouted vessels are typical of Moche pottery and are considered to be realistic portraits of real people. (Musée du quai Branly, Paris)

Semiramis by William Wetmore Story, 1872-3, Dallas Museum of Art. Photo by Mark Carroll Photography, All Rights Reserved. (Used by permission of Mark Carroll Photography.)

The remains of the Huaca del Sol pyramid at Moche, Peru. The huge ceremonial mound had four tiers and was constructed using over 140 million adobe bricks. Reaching a height of 50 metres, the site was used for religious and state ceremonies.