Images

Archduke Charles of Austria leads a pivotal charge during the Battle of Aspern-Essling (21-22 May 1809) that contributes to the Austrian victory. Painting by Johann Peter Krafft, circa early 19th century. Heeresgeschichtliches Museum...

The Battle of Aspern-Essling, 21-22 May 1809, between French and Austrian armies. The battle resulted in an Austrian victory and marked Napoleon's first major battlefield defeat in a decade. Oil on canvas painting by Fernand Cormon...

Marshal Jean Lannes leads the French troops in the storming of the citadel of Ratisbon on 23 April 1809, during the War of the Fifth Coalition (1809). Painting by Charles Thévenin, 1810. Palace of Versailles.

The Giant Enceladus, gilt-bronze statue by Gaspar Mercy. Bosquet de l'Encélade (Gardens of Versailles).

Napoleon enters Berlin after defeating the Prussian army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, oil on canvas painting by Charles Meynier, 1810. Palace of Versailles.

The Death of Cato of Utica, oil on canvas by Jean-Paul Laurens, 1863. Musée des Augustins, Toulouse.

Cato of Utica reading the Phaedo before committing suicide, Carrara marble sculpture by Jean-Baptiste Roman and François Rude, commissioned by King Louis-Philippe in 1832, finished in 1840. Louvre, Paris.

Heroon (Hero's Grave) of Lefkandi, western rooms, from the north, photographed in 1991.

King Frederick William III of Prussia (r. 1797-1840), oil on canvas portrait by an unknown artist, between 1830-1840. Museum of Prussia, Minden, Germany.

Emperor Napoleon I of France (r. 1804-1814; 1815) meets with Tsar Alexander I of Russia (1801-1825) on a specially built raft in the middle of the Niemen River to discuss peace. It is one of the most iconic episodes of the Napoleonic Era...