Images

1st century BC bust of the ancient Greek goddess Hera (Ludovisi Collection, ex Cesi Collection, Museo Nazionale Romano, Palazzo Altemps, Rome).

The Sphinx dedicated to the oracle of Delphi by the state of Naxos, c. 560 BCE. Originally, it was placed atop a 10 m tall Ionic column. (Delphi Archaeological Museum).

A gate in the fortification walls of Butrint (modern Albania), 2nd century BCE. The lintel shows a lion devouring a bull carved in relief and was probably reused from an earlier 6th century BCE building. The gate was lowered in height in...

A detail of the Hellenistic fortification walls of Butrint (modern Albania) employing large polygonal blocks. 2nd century BCE.

A gate entrance in the Hellenistic fortification walls of Butrint (modern Albania), 2nd century BCE. Constructed using large ashlar blocks with angled joins designed to minimise earthquake damage. Despite this precaution the large cracks...

A segment of typical 2nd century CE Roman wall from Butrint (modern Albania). The wall is in the opus mixtum style which combined layers of opus testaceum (standard brick facing) with opus reticulatum (square-based pyramid blocks set in a...

The inside steps descending to the 'lion gate' of Butrint, 2nd century BCE (modified 2nd century CE). The steep incline immediately after a fortification gate was an added defence to restrict access in case of attack.

Brick remains of the Roman stage buildings of the theatre of Butrint (modern Albania). The theatre was first constructed in the early 2nd century BCE and modified and enlarged in the 2nd century CE.

Remains of shop buildings in the roman forum at Butrint (modern Albania), 2nd century CE.

A section of the Roman baths flooring at Butrint (modern Albania), 2nd century CE. The brick piles allowed for the circulation of warm air to heat the baths.