Images

Cleopatra Before Caesar by Jean-Léon Gérôme, oil on canvas, 1866. Cleopatra confronts Gaius Julius Caesar after emerging from a roll of carpet. The Egyptian Queen had been driven from the palace in Alexandria by her brother/husband Ptolemy...

Mahajanapadas (Sanskrit: महाजनपद, Mahājanapadas), literally "great realms", (from maha, "great", and janapada "foothold of a tribe", "country") were ancient Indian kingdoms or countries. Ancient Buddhist texts like Anguttara Nikaya make...

This map illustrates the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization, Indus-Sarasvati Civilization). Thriving from around 3300 to 1300 BCE, it was one of the earliest known urban societies situated in what is now Pakistan and northwest...

This is the entrance to the excavated ruins of the royal palace at Ugarit.

Delphi was the site of the Delphic oracle, the most important oracle in the classical Greek world, when it was a major site for the worship of the god Apollo after he slew the Python, a deity who lived there and protected the navel of the...

Map of the main religious sanctuaries of classical Greece. The following gods' sanctuaries are marked in colour: Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Asclepius, Athena, Dionysius, Demeter, Hera, Poseidon, Zeus.

A map showing the known world at the time of the Ptolemaic Empire, ca. 300 BC.

A map showing the locations of battles in ancient Greece.

A map of the political structure of Greece in the Archaic Age (ca. 750 - 490 BC).

A map showing ancient Greece at the time of Theban hegemony, 371 BCE to 362 BCE.