Images

Young Tsar Alexis (Alexei) Praying Before the Relics of Metropolitan Philip in the Presence of Patriarch Nikon, oil on canvas by Alexander Litovchenko, 1886. State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

The ivory throne of Tsar Ivan IV The Terrible of Russia (r. 1547-1584). Kremlin Museums, Moscow.

A 1767 oil on canvas portrait by Louis-Michel van Loo of the French author and philosopher Diderot (1713-1784). (Louvre Museum, Paris)

The frontispiece of the Encyclopedia, a massive multi-volume work first published in 1751 and chiefly edited by Diderot (1713-1784). The figure in the centre is Truth whose light radiates forth and disperses the clouds of ignorance. Engraved...

Mow-way (c. 1825-1886), the principal leader and war chief of the Kotsoteka band of the Comanche during the 1860s and 1870s, photograph by William Stinson Soule, 1869-1874. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.

Portrait of Tecumtha (c. 1808), platinum print after a watercolor portrait of Tecumseh (1778-1813), a Shawnee chief and leader, by Benson John Lossing, 1915. Toronto Public Library, Canada.

A c. 1831 oil-on-canvas portrait by Henry Inman of Tenskwatawa, a Shawnee political and religious leader (c. 1775-1837) and staunch defender of Indigenous American land rights. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington...

1st-century CE six-apse pagan temple on the left and 3rd-century CE wine cellar on the right, complete with qvevris (large earthenware jars buried under the ground for fermentation and storage). Armaziskhevi Archaeological Site, Mtskheta...

Aerial view of the Roman fort Apsarus, located in western Georgia, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Batumi near the Turkish border. Established on the left bank of the mouth of the Chorokhi River in the 1st century under Roman emperor Nero...

Remains of the commanding officer's residence at the Roman fort of Apsarus in modern-day Georgia. The fort (known today as the Gonio Fortress) is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Batumi near the Turkish border. It was the largest...