Images

The Third of May 1808, oil on canvas by Francisco Goya, 1814, part of a series of works depicting the horrors of the Peninsular War (1807-1814). This depicts the execution of Spanish civilians by a French firing squad in the aftermath of...

After the Battle of Bailén (16-19 July 1808) an entire French army surrenders to Spanish forces. The largest defeat of a French army since 1794, the battle dispels the myth of invincibility surrounding Napoleonic France and convinces other...

The Second Siege of Zaragoza (19 December 1808 to 20 February 1809) was a bloody chapter of the Peninsular War, resulting in 10,000 dead French soldiers and 54,000 dead Spanish, including 30,000 civilians. Painting by Louis-François, Baron...

The death of British General Sir John Moore during the Battle of Corunna, 16 January 1809. Engraving by Thomas Sutherland in the book The Martial Achievements of Great Britain and her Allies from 1799-1815, by James Jenkins.

Proclamation of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 by the Cortés de Cádiz during the Peninsular War, image by Salvador Viniegra, 1912.

Battle of Somosierra (30 November 1808), fought between a French army under Emperor Napoleon I and a Spanish army during the Peninsular War, oil on canvas by Louis-François, Baron Lejeune, 1810. Palace of Versailles.

The Battle of Bayonne (14 April 1814), one of the last battles of the Peninsular War (1807-1814), engraving by Thomas Sutherland, c. 1815. Library of Toulouse.

The third print in the Disasters of War series by Spanish artist Francisco Goya (1746-1828), between 1810-1820. Historians consider these works to have been Goya's protest to the Peninsular War and the subsequent rollback of liberal reforms...

A c. 1815 oil-on-canvas portrait by Thomas Lawrence of Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769-1852). Wellington is best known for leading the Allied army during the Peninsular War (1807-1814), for defeating Napoleon at the Battle...

Battle of Busaco (27 September 1810), fought between a French army and an Anglo-Portuguese force during the Peninsular War (1807-1814). Watercolor by Richard Simkin, c. 1900. National Army Museum, Study Collection, Chelsea, London.