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Crompton's Spinning Mule
Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule in 1779, which greatly increased the speed of spinning yarn for textile production. It made finer and more uniform yarn than previous machines and had many more spindles, up to 1,320. The invention...
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Power Looms
The power loom was first invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785 and it doubled the speed of textile production compared to traditional methods. (The American Textile Museum, Lowell, Mass., USA)
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Arkwright's Water Frame
An example of a water frame (a machine for spinning cotton) as invented by Richard Arkwright in Nottinghamshire in 1769. It was powered by a water wheel and increased the speed that yarn could be spun. (Science Museum, London)
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Flying Shuttle
A flying shuttle, used in the textile industry to pull thread (weft) horizontally across longitudinal threads (the warp) on a weaving frame. The device was invented by John Kay in 1733 and greatly speeded up textile production. (Immigration...
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Spinning Jenny, Chemnitz
A model of a spinning jenny. The machine was invented in Lancashire in 1765 by James Hargreaves (1720-1778). The machine ('jenny') was capable of spinning multiple threads simultaneously and was one of the first important inventions in the...
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The Goddess of Discord Choosing the Apple of Contention in the Garden of the Hesperides
The Goddess of Discord Choosing the Apple of Contention in the Garden of the Hesperides, oil on canvas by Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1806. In ancient Greek mythology, the Garden of the Hesperides was situated on the slopes of Mount...
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The Garden of the Hesperides
The Garden of the Hesperides, oil on canvas by Lord Frederick Leighton. 1892. The Hesperides were guardians of the tree that produced golden apples, a gift to earth from Hera.
Lady Lever Art Gallery, Wirral
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Garden of Hesperides
Garden of Hesperides, oil on canvas by Albert Herter, 19th century.
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Herakles in the Hesperides Garden
Herakles in the Hesperides garden. Side A from an Attic red-figure pelike, from Cyrenaica (Libya), 380-370 BCE.
Louvre, Paris.
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Market and Byzantine Fortress of Madauros, Algeria
Madauros was a Numidian city ruled successively by African kings Syphax (r. c. 215-203 BCE) and Massinissa (r. 202-148 BCE). It became an important Roman colony in the Flavian period, and one of its notable residents was the Platonist philosopher...
