Images

Napoleon takes command at the Battle of Friedland, 14 June 1807, by Edouard Bernard Debat-Ponsan, c. 19th century.

Battle of Friedland, 14 June 1807, between French and Russian armies. Colored litho by Horace Vernet and Jacques François Swebach, 19th century. Photo taken by JoJan at an art auction in Belgium.

Portrait of Robert Koch (1843-1910), published in 1907 in Les Prix Nobel.

Restored studio portrait of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), photographed by Paul Nadar.

Scanning electron microscope image of Vibrio cholerae. This is the bacterium that causes cholera.

Louis Pasteur's pasteurization experiment illustrates the fact that the spoilage of liquid was caused by particles in the air rather than the liquid itself. These experiments were important pieces of evidence supporting the idea of Germ Theory...

Map of the Siege of Hara Castle during the Shimabara Rebellion, c. 17th century. Note the Dutch ships at the top, who would have fired cannonades upon the defenders.

Statue of Amakusa Shiro (1621-1638) at Shimabara Castle, Hizen Province, Japan. An almost identical statue also stands at the ruins of Hara Castle.

Depiction of the Battle of Pultusk (26 December 1806), fought between French and Russian forces during Napoleon's Polish campaign in the War of the Fourth Coalition (1806-1807). By A. Champion, 19th century.

The Battle of Hoff (6 February 1807) was fought between the Russian rearguard and the French Cavalry Reserve, a day before the bloody Battle of Eylau (7-8 February). Painting by Jean-Charles Langlois, before 1849. Palace of Versailles.