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The "Spring of Nations", Revolutionary Europe in 1848
A map illustrating the series of republican revolts and political upheavals against European monarchies in 1848, also known as the People's Spring or the Spring of Nations. The widespread violent unrest started in Sicily and, within a short...
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Franz Schubert by Rieder
A c. 1825 portrait by Wilhelm August Rieder of the Austrian composer Franz Schubert (1797-1828). (Wien Museum, Vienna)
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Beethoven in 1803
An 1803 portrait by Christian Horneman of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). (Beethoven House, Bonn)
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Title Page of Beethoven's Third Symphony
The original title page of the Third Symphony 'Eroica' by the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). The symphony was completed in 1803.
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Grave of Beethoven
The grave of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) in the main cemetery of Vienna.
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Ludwig van Beethoven by Stieler
An 1820 oil-on-canvas portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). (Beethoven House, Bonn)
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Crown of Napoleon I
The crown of Napoleon I, created for his coronation on 2 December 1804, based on the crown of Charlemagne.
Louvre, Paris.
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Napoleon I on his Imperial Throne
Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1815) on his throne. Oil on canvas by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1806.
Musée de l'Armée, Paris.
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Arrival of Napoleon at the Notre-Dame de Paris for his Coronation
Napoleon I (1769-1821) arrives at the Notre-Dame de Paris for his coronation ceremony, 2 December 1804. By Charles Percier and Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, 19th century.
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Napoleon in Coronation Robes
Emperor Napoleon I in his coronation robes. Painting by François Gérard, 1805.
Musée national du Château de Fontainebleau.