Images

Joséphine de Beauharnais (1763-1814), first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte and empress consort of the French, in her coronation robes. Joséphine and her husband were coronated on 2 December 1804. Oil on canvas by Baron François Gérard, c. 1807-08...

Royalist leader Georges Cadoudal and his fellow conspirators land beneath the cliffs of Biville, Normandy during the night of 21 August 1803 as the first step in their plan to assassinate Napoleon Bonaparte and bring about a Bourbon Restoration...

Portrait of Georges Cadoudal (1771-1804), a Breton-born leader of the royalist Chouannerie rebellion during the French Revolution (1789-1799). He was executed after conspiring to kill or kidnap Napoleon Bonaparte and restore the Bourbons...

On 9 March 1804, the royalist and Chouan leader Georges Cadoudal is arrested in Paris after killing one gendarme and wounding another. Engraving by an unknown artist, c. 19th century. National Library of France, Paris.

The coronation of Emperor Napoleon I and Empress Joséphine in the Notre-Dame de Paris, 2 December 1804. Oil on canvas by Jacques-Louis David, c. 1805-1807. Louvre Museum.

The execution of Louis Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien on 21 March 1804, by firing squad. Enghien's controversial execution turned much of Europe's aristocracy against Napoleon and served as a catalyst for the War of the Third Coalition...

The death of General Jean-Charles Pichegru who allegedly committed suicide in his prison cell after being arrested for plotting against Napoleon in 1804. Image by Georges Moreau de Tours, printed in the Le Petit journal, 4 April 1891. National...

An infographic illustrating the hierarchical structure and divisions within the military land force of the Roman Empire (c. 27 BCE - 480 CE). The Imperial Roman Army was a formidable force, instrumental in the empire's expansion, consolidation...

Purchas His Pilgrimes, a compilation of contracts, letters, and records of important navigators, including Henry Hudson (c. 1570-1611), by the Reverend Samuel Purchas (c. 1577-1626), published in 1625. Berger Collection, Denver Art Museum...

Replica of the Dutch Halve Maen ("Half Moon"), which English navigator Henry Hudson (c. 1570-1611) captained on his third voyage in 1609 in search of a northwest passage. Photographic print by Stereo-Travel Co., c. 1909. Library of Congress...