Images

Napoleon Bonaparte in the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire Year VIII (9 November 1799), the coup that ended both the French Directory and the French Revolution. Oil on canvas painting by François Bouchot, 1840. Palace of Versailles.

An 1880's photograph taken by Alexander Bassano of Queen Victoria (r. 1837-1901). (Royal Collection)

Edward Gibbon, oil on mahogany panel by Henry Walton, 1773. National Portrait Gallery, London.

The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, Volume 1, by Gibbon, Edward, London, 1777. John Adams Library (Boston Public Library)

A c. 1834 oil on canvas painting, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16th October, 1834, by J.M.W.Turner (1775-1851). (Philadelphia Museum of Art)

Mosaic representing four charioteers from different parts of a Roman circus and their horses, Roman work (end of the 3rd century CE) from the villa located near the Baccano wood, and exhibited at the Palazzo Massimo alle Terme in Rome (Italy...

Map showing the movement of the Romani people between approximately 500 and 1500 CE. The dates used on this map are commonly accepted approximations based on historical accounts and linguistic evidence. Some dates, such as the timeframe in...

Head of a princess in the court of Akhenaten, found in Armarna. From the Amarna Period, circa 1353 to 1336 BCE. On display in the Louvre Museum, Paris, France (Département des Antiquités égyptiennes, E 14715)

An 1830 portrait by James Lonsdale of William IV of Great Britain (r. 1830-1837) wearing masonic regalia.

An 1833 portrait by Martin Archer Shee of William IV of Great Britain (r. 1830-1837) wearing the robes of the Order of the Garter. (Royal Collection)