Images

Napoleon gives instructions to one of his officers, General Nicolas Oudinot, during the Battle of Friedland (14 June 1807). The battle resulted in a decisive French victory and forced the Russians to ask for an armistice four days later...

Charge of the French 4th Hussars at the Battle of Friedland (14 June 1807). Initially titled "Vive l'Empeurer!", oil on canva by Édouard Detaille, 1891. Art Gallery of New South Wales, Australia.

During his assault on the Russian left flank, Marshal Michel Ney's VI Corps is attacked by Russian cavalry during the Battle of Friedland (14 June 1807). Image by Rougeron-Vignerot and Charles Morel, 1892. National Libary of France, Paris.

Napoleon takes command at the Battle of Friedland, 14 June 1807, by Edouard Bernard Debat-Ponsan, c. 19th century.

Battle of Friedland, 14 June 1807, between French and Russian armies. Colored litho by Horace Vernet and Jacques François Swebach, 19th century. Photo taken by JoJan at an art auction in Belgium.

Portrait of Robert Koch (1843-1910), published in 1907 in Les Prix Nobel.

Restored studio portrait of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), photographed by Paul Nadar.

Scanning electron microscope image of Vibrio cholerae. This is the bacterium that causes cholera.

Louis Pasteur's pasteurization experiment illustrates the fact that the spoilage of liquid was caused by particles in the air rather than the liquid itself. These experiments were important pieces of evidence supporting the idea of Germ Theory...

Map of the Siege of Hara Castle during the Shimabara Rebellion, c. 17th century. Note the Dutch ships at the top, who would have fired cannonades upon the defenders.