Images

General Napoleon Bonaparte leads his soldiers across the bridge at the Battle of Arcole (17 November 1796). Oil on canvas painting by Horace Vernet, 1826.

Napoleon Bonaparte is greeted by the French Directory as "the hero of Italy". Lithograph by Charles Motte, c. 1820. British Museum, London.

French soldiers under General Pierre Augereau, sent by Napoleon Bonaparte, surround the legislative chambers and arrest General Jean-Charles Pichegru in the Coup of 18 Fructidor Year V (4 September 1797). Engraving by Pierre Gabriel Berthault...

Napoleon Bonaparte in the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire Year VIII (9 November 1799), the coup that ended both the French Directory and the French Revolution. Oil on canvas painting by François Bouchot, 1840. Palace of Versailles.

An 1880's photograph taken by Alexander Bassano of Queen Victoria (r. 1837-1901). (Royal Collection)

Edward Gibbon, oil on mahogany panel by Henry Walton, 1773. National Portrait Gallery, London.

The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, Volume 1, by Gibbon, Edward, London, 1777. John Adams Library (Boston Public Library)

A c. 1834 oil on canvas painting, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16th October, 1834, by J.M.W.Turner (1775-1851). (Philadelphia Museum of Art)

Mosaic representing four charioteers from different parts of a Roman circus and their horses, Roman work (end of the 3rd century CE) from the villa located near the Baccano wood, and exhibited at the Palazzo Massimo alle Terme in Rome (Italy...

Map showing the movement of the Romani people between approximately 500 and 1500 CE. The dates used on this map are commonly accepted approximations based on historical accounts and linguistic evidence. Some dates, such as the timeframe in...