Images

A map depicting the opening positions at the Battle of Castiglione (5 August 1796) with the French in blue and the Austrians in yellow.

Gold coin of Valentinian III, minted in Rome, 425-455. The British Museum, London.

Gold solidus of Galla Placidia, minted in Ravenna, 426-430 CE. The British Museum, London.

A c. 1896 oil on canvas painting, Steelworks, Cardiff, at Night, by Lionel Walden (1862-1933). (Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales)

Isabella of France, Detail from an illustration in the Grandes Chroniques de France (Français 6465, fol. 338v.) by Jean Fouquet, Tours, c. 1455-1460. National Library of France, Paris.

Battle of Lodi, 10 May 1796. Image by Carle Vernet / Johannes Allart. Museum of the French Revolution, Vizille.

At the Battle of Lodi, 24 French cannons were placed along the west bank of the Adda River to bombard the Austrian positions across the river. Image by Felicien de Myrbach-Rheinfeld, in Life of Napoleon Bonaparte by William M. Sloane. New...

Battle of Lodi, 10 May 1796, oil on canvas by Louis-François Lejeune. Palace of Versailles.

The modern bridge of Lodi that crosses the Adda River. Though this bridge was built in 1864, it gives a sense of what the original bridge may have looked like, which the French Army of Italy had to cross during the Battle of Lodi on 10 May...

Isabella of France and her army with the body of Hugh Despenser in the background, illustration from a 15th-century manuscript by Jean Pichore, Royal MS 15 E IV, f. 316v. British Library, London.