Images

An 1803 portrait by Christian Horneman of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). (Beethoven House, Bonn)

The original title page of the Third Symphony 'Eroica' by the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). The symphony was completed in 1803.

The grave of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) in the main cemetery of Vienna.

An 1820 oil-on-canvas portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). (Beethoven House, Bonn)

The crown of Napoleon I, created for his coronation on 2 December 1804, based on the crown of Charlemagne. Louvre, Paris.

Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1815) on his throne. Oil on canvas by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1806. Musée de l'Armée, Paris.

Napoleon I (1769-1821) arrives at the Notre-Dame de Paris for his coronation ceremony, 2 December 1804. By Charles Percier and Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, 19th century.

Emperor Napoleon I in his coronation robes. Painting by François Gérard, 1805. Musée national du Château de Fontainebleau.

Joséphine de Beauharnais (1763-1814), first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte and empress consort of the French, in her coronation robes. Joséphine and her husband were coronated on 2 December 1804. Oil on canvas by Baron François Gérard, c. 1807-08...

Royalist leader Georges Cadoudal and his fellow conspirators land beneath the cliffs of Biville, Normandy during the night of 21 August 1803 as the first step in their plan to assassinate Napoleon Bonaparte and bring about a Bourbon Restoration...