Images

St Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033-1109), as depicted in a stained glass window in Chester Cathedral, England, 1916.

Statue of Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794) by Pierre Loison, 1857. Louvre, Cour Napoleon courtyard.

An 1882 painting by John Pettie showing the Duke of Monmouth begging for his life at the feet of James II of England. In the 1685 Monmouth rebellion, the duke had attempted to take the throne from his uncle.

Portrait of Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet, French mathematician, philosopher, and political scientist, oil on canvas by an unknown artist (previously attributed to Jean-Baptiste Greuze). Palace of Versailles.

Self-portrait of Sophie de Condorcet (1764-1822), also known as Sophie de Grouchy, a French salon hostess, noted feminist and philosopher. She was also the wife of philosopher and mathematician Nicolas Caritat, marquis de Condorcet, and sister...

A portrait of William III of England (aka William of Orange and William II of Scotland). Protestant William replaced James II of England in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He ruled jointly with his wife Queen Mary II of England. Painted...

A 1698 engraving by Jan Luyken showing the execution of the Duke of Monmouth in 1685. The failed Monmouth Rebellion of that year had seen the Duke, illegitimate son of Charles II of England, try to wrest the throne from his uncle James II...

A 1905 oil on canvas painting by Edgar Bundy, 'The Morning of Sedgemoor'. The scene shows the poorly-equipped soldiers of the ramshackle army led by the Duke of Monmouth at the battle of Sedgemoor in July 1685. This battle, the main action...

Engraving depicting the execution of King Louis XVI of France by guillotine on 21 January 1793, in the Place de la Revolution, Paris. The executioner displays his severed head to the crowd. Engraving by Isidore Stanislas Helman, after Charles...

King Louis XVI of France, during his imprisonment in the Tower of the Temple, where he was held for the last months of his life during the French Revolution. oil on canvas by Jean-François Garneray, 1814. Musée Carnavalet.