Images

Brunhilda of Austrasia (c. 543-613) being executed, illustration from the Grandes Chroniques de France, Français 2813, folio 60, verso, c. 1375-1380. National Library of France.

Map of the Merovingian kingdoms at their height.

Coin of Childebert II of Austriasia (r. 575-596). National Library of France.

Henry III of France (r. 1574-1589), oil on canvas by Nicholas Hilliard, c. 1576-78. Private Collection.

Catherine de' Medici and Her Children, oil on canvas by the workshop of François Clouet, 1561.

Henry II of France (r. 1547-1559), oil on canvas by the workshop of François Clouet. Castle of Montal.

Portrait of Catherine de' Medici (1519-1589), oil on canvas by Germain Le Mannier, c. 1547-1559. Uffizi, Florence.

A section of the fortification walls of the Inca Sacsayhuaman (also Saqsawaman) fortress-temple complex of northern Cusco, 13th-15th century CE.

The Grafenstein inscription. Noric language recorded on a tile from the 2nd century CE, discovered in a gravel pit in 1977 in Grafenstein, Austria.

An early 17th-century illustration by Felipe Guáman Poma de Ayala showing the coronation of the new Inca ruler, Manco Inca Yupanqui on 16 November 1533. Manco Inca was a puppet ruler of the conquistadors but he rose up in rebellion and led...