Images

A 19th-century statue of Pierre Waldo (l. 1140–1218), a forerunner of the Christian Reformists. Luther Memorial in Worms, Germany.

A jade assemblage representing a leaf-nosed bat. Likely worn as a belt or chest adornment. From a Zapotec royal tomb at Monte Alban, Mexico.

The Kunz Axe, a ceremonial axe-head or celt created by the Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica. Carved from jade. (Museum of Natural History, New York)

A polished jade figurine from the Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica. The larger figure holds a deity, probably a representation of a rain god. (Brooklyn Museum, New York)

Rome: Strategy of Empire by James Lacey.

James Lacy, author of Rome: Strategy of Empire.

A polished jade celt or ceremonial axehead from the Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica. The Olmec ritually buried celts to appease the gods and guarantee future harvests, particularly of maize which jade was associated with. (Metropolitan...

The painting Martin Luther in Front of Thomas Cajetan by Belgian painter Ferdinand Pauwels (l. 1830-1904), depicting the 1518 disputation between Cardinal Thomas Cajetan and Martin Luther in Augsburg.

A reproduction of a 1557 print of Martin Luther (on right approaching desk) and Cardinal Thomas Cajetan (on left, holding open the book) depicting their 1518 disputation at Augsburg.

A Maya jade plaque from Nebaj, Guatemala. Created around 600. (National Museum of Guatemala)