Images

A map illustrating the rise and evolution of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt from its beginning as an act of rebellion of a slave army against its masters from the Ayyubid dynasty, through its fair share of internal turbulence and strife, into...

Pros ethikous by Sextus Empiricus, manuscript written in Italy, probably Ferrara, Florence, or Rome, during Isidore's participation in the Council of Florence, 1438-1445. LJS 380, folio 244v. University of Pennsylvania.

Portrait of Sextus Empiricus (2nd century CE), etching by Basilius Grundmann, late 18th century. University Library, Leipzig.

The Birth of Pennsylvania 1680, reproduction of an oil painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, 1932. Library of Congress, Washington D. C.

William Penn at age 22, oil on canvas portrait by Peter Lely, 1666.

An 1847 painting by John Vanderlyn showing the landing of Christopher Columbus (1451-1506 CE) in the West Indies in 1492. As an adelantado, Columbus was representing the Spanish Crown, hence he holds a banner showing the Spanish coats of...

A map illustrating the outbreak and course of the Second Punic War, a series of prolonged military conflicts between the Carthaginian (Punic) empire and the Roman Republic for domination over the western Mediterranean. Began in 218 BCE with...

A mosaic made from marble, limestone and glass terrerae depicting the Judgement of Paris from Greek mythology. Paris, the prince of Troy, has to decide which of the three goddesses Hera, Athena or Aphrodite is the prettiest. He chose Aphrodite...

The view from the hilltops of Mt. Ptoion in Boeotia, Greece.

Polycrates' Crucifixion, oil on canvas by Salvator Rosa, 1664. Art Institute of Chicago.