Images

Shah Jahan on Horseback, folio from the Shah Jahan Album. Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper by Payag, c. 1630. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Zodiac man diagram from a 15th-century physician's almanac from England, Sloane MS 2250, f12r. The diagram shows the zodiac signs that were believed to influence various parts of the body in the Middle Ages. British Library, London.

A 1913 illustration by Ernest Wallcousins showing Robert Clive at the siege of Arcot, India in 1751. Clive seized Arcot and then defended it against an army of Chandra Sahib, the nizam of Hyderabad. (Taken from Pioneers in India, by Johnston...

Portrait of explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert by an unknown artist, c. 1584. Compton Castle.

Map of Newfoundland and Labrador made by the Portuguese cartographer Fernão Vaz Dourado in 1570.

Coin of Achaeus, King of Sardis, minted in Syria, c. 215 BCE.

The Parisian battalions and 19th Flanders regiment under General Dampierre charge the Austrian heights at the Battle of Jemappes, on 6 November 1792, during the War of the First Coalition. Painting by Raymond Desvarreux, early 20th century.

A reconstruction of the famous windmill the French forces gathered around at the Battle of Valmy, 20 September 1792. Photo by Ketounette, June 2020.

Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, in the 1790s, portrait by Johann Heinrich Schröder c. 1790-95. Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum.

Depiction of the Paris National Guard on its way to join the army, September 1792, oil on canvas by Léon Cogniet, 1836. Palace of Versailles.